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Extract Structured Information

Extracting structured information from unstructured text using LLMs is a good tool to have in your llm toolkit.

Google's langextract is one such python library for extracting structured information from unstructured text using LLMs with precise source grounding and interactive visualization.

The other popular library is Instructor -- extracting structured data from Large Language Models (LLMs). Built on top of Pydantic, Instructor provides type-safe data extraction with automatic validation, retries, and streaming support. supports all major providers like openai, claude and local-llm like ollama etc.,

notes#llm

AI on a budget

What if you do not want to use AI SaaS products for any reason (monetary - subscriptions add up quick, privacy - do not want share your data with companies, etc.,)?

One approach is to use local-llm on your laptop, or pc. You might also be ok with doing so on a cloud hosted instance where you get to control the entire stack.

Another approach is to use some of the "free tier" as seen here -- How I Code with AI on a budget/free; via HN.

Every month so many new models come out. My new fav is GLM-4.5... Kimi K2 is also good, and Qwen3-Coder 480b, or 2507 instruct.. very good as well. All of those work really well in any agentic environment/in agent tool

notes#llm

A non-anthropomorphized view of LLMs

addxorrol.blogspot.com

We should think in terms of "this is a function to generate sequences" and "by providing prefixes we can steer the sequence generation around in the space of words and change the probabilities for output sequences". And for every possible undesirable output sequence of a length smaller than , we can pick a context that maximizes the probability of this undesirable output sequence.

A much clearer formulation, which helps more clearly articulate the problems to solve.

Devstral | Mistral AI

mistral.ai

agentic LLM for software engineering tasks. Devstral is built under a collaboration between Mistral AI and All Hands AI 🙌, and outperforms all open-source models on SWE-Bench Verified by a large margin. We release Devstral under the Apache 2.0 license.

A Critical Look at MCP - Raz Blog

raz.sh

"MCP is an open protocol that standardizes how applications provide context to LLMs. Think of MCP like a USB-C port for AI applications. Just as USB-C provides a standardized way to connect your devices to various peripherals and accessories, MCP provides a standardized way to connect AI models to different data sources and tools."
― Anthropic

raz.shPinboardPermalink

#llm#mcp

PicoLM

picolm.io

A Lightweight Framework for Studying Learning Dynamics
Pico demystifies how language models learn. Lightweight and efficient, it's your go-to toolkit for training and analyzing models across different scales.

Built around two core libraries: pico-train for model training and pico-analyze for in-depth analysis—designed from the ground up to work seamlessly together.

Agents

huyenchip.com

Chip Huyen's 8,000 word practical guide to building useful LLM-driven workflows that take advantage of tools.

This article is adapted from "AI Engineering" book, which I bought in Feb'25.

huyenchip.comPinboardPermalink

#llm

Minions: the rise of small, on-device LMs

hazyresearch.stanford.edu

shift a substantial portion of LLM workloads to consumer devices by having small on-device models collaborate with frontier models in the cloud. By only reading long contexts locally, we reduce cloud costs with minimal or no quality degradation. We imagine a future where an “intelligence layer” running persistently on-device interacts with frontier models in the cloud to deliver applications with cost-effective, “always-on” intelligence.

Reseach by Stanford's Hazy Research.

ollama also has a related blog post

Cites this work: "LLM×MapReduce: Simplified Long-Sequence Processing using Large Language Models"

The proposed LLM×MapReduce framework splits the entire document into several chunks for LLMs to read and then aggregates the intermediate answers to produce the final output. The main challenge for divide-and-conquer long text processing frameworks lies in the risk of losing essential long-range information when splitting the document, which can lead the model to produce incomplete or incorrect answers based on the segmented texts. Disrupted long-range information can be classified into two categories: inter-chunk dependency and inter-chunk conflict. We design a structured information protocol to better cope with inter-chunk dependency and an in-context confidence calibration mechanism to resolve inter-chunk conflicts.

Claude 3.7 Sonnet and Claude Code Anthropic

anthropic.com

Anthropic announced new version of Claude today, and it has been received very positively going by the reactions on X. Simon Willison ran it through his usual gauntlet.

The new thing is the claude CLI tool that allows you run commands against Claude api from the command line, which also would be a big aid for programming tasks.

I had unsubscribed from Claude for the last couple of months, and looks like it's time to get back on it.

Sky-T1: Train your own O1 preview model within $450

novasky-ai.github.io

Stanford's Sky Lab announced the "Sky-T1" model that performs competitively in reasoning and coding while comparison to OpenAI's o1 model, while using a small compute budget.

They set about to produce this open-weights model because the current leaders like o1 and gemini 2.0 flash thinking while excel in reasoning, showing the ability to solve complex tasks by producing a long internal chain of thought, among other advancements. However, the technical details and model weights are un-accessible.

Summary:

  • They used QwQ to generate training data (with some cleanup using GPT-4o-mini)
  • The training data was then used to FT Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct (non-reasoning model)
  • Result was that Sky-T1 performs slightly worse than QwQ but much better than Qwen2.5 on reasoning tasks.

This is pretty interesting as it shows how you can FT a foundation model to do better at reasoning.


Inference time compute is still underutilized for AI deployments. It is better to distill the reasoning from larger models like R1 for specific tasks. Even better, one can mix in custom thinking instructions for specific sub-problems, so that a fine-tuned model learns o mix of task specific reasoning and custom logic. This can often beat custom prompt iteration. 🔗

This Guide: Train a Reasoning Model | Kiln AI Docs goes into how to distill for thinking models.