Data applications (usually), web application frameworks that make it easy to publish data as dynamic reports that have an element of interactivity to them that is not possible in static reports, they are often purpose-built to tell a story or present findings backed by data.
Frameworks
evidence is a lightweight framework for building data apps using SQL. It's open source and free to get started.
observable is another example -- that uses javascript
Briefer | The collaborative data platform -- "jupyter notebooks meet Notion-like documents. Briefer is the multiplayer notebook that let's you run SQL and Python, and turn notebooks into dashboards and Data Apps.
Mercury – Build Data Web Apps in Jupyter Notebook You don't need to know frontend frameworks, HTML, CSS or JavaScript. All in pure Python without leaving Jupyter Notebook.