C3 programming language. Full C ABI compatibility, Module system, Generic modules, Design by contract, Zero overhead errors, Semantic macro system, First-class SIMD vector types, Struct subtyping, Safe array access using slices, Easy to use inline assembly, Cross-platform standard library which includes dynamic containers and strings, LLVM backend.

C3 Tutorial; has online playground.

C3 Blog by the creator, Christoffer Lernö

Also look at dlang's betterC - Better C - D Programming Language

Redbean single-file distributable web server is built using cosmopolitan.

Redbean's home page does a great job of explaining what the software does:

rebean is an open source webserver in a zip executable that runs on six operating systems. The basic idea is if you want to build a web app that runs anywhere, then you download the redbean.com file, put your .html and .lua files inside it using the zip command, and then you've got a hermetic app you can deploy and share.

redbean embeds Lua, SQLite, and MbedTLS into a fork() driven application server that benchmarks at 1.1 million qps on a personal computer. It's got a live bestline REPL with code completion and a UNIX module too, that lets you directly use the Cosmopolitan Libc system call interface. redbean furthermore provides sandboxing and system call tracing for security. This makes redbean a great fit for when you want to build an app that's vertically integrated into a single tiny file that runs on nearly all PCs and servers.

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Deploying a redbean app to Fly from Simon Willison’s TILs

Redbean Tiddlywiki Saver: rpdillon.net; Nov 2022.

shmup/awesome-cosmopolitan: List of Cosmopolitan Libc related resources and projects

Fullmoon is a Fast and minimalistic Redbean-based Lua web framework in one file by Paul Kulchenko, the creator of ZeroBraneStudio, a Lua IDE.

Cosmopolitan Libc: build-once run-anywhere C library makes C a build-once run-anywhere language, like Java, except it doesn't need an interpreter or virtual machine. Instead, it reconfigures stock GCC and Clang to output a POSIX-approved polyglot format that runs natively on Linux + Mac + Windows + FreeBSD + OpenBSD + NetBSD + BIOS with the best possible performance and the tiniest footprint imaginable.

Articles

• Debugging C with Cosmopolitan

Why C?

"The Endurance of an Unmanageable Language" - Some Were Meant for C; via ATS As a Systems Programming Language.

Learning

• youtube lectures on C programming by Prof Jerry Cain, structured around the book Computer Systems: A programmer's Perspective by Bryant & O'Hallaron.
• Charles Cabergs - YouTube

Tooling

• post modern C tooling - draft 5
• A Modern C Development Environment | Interrupt

Why not C?

C Is Not a Low-level Language - ACM Queue

Books

• Learn C Programming With 9 Excellent Open Source Books - OSS Blog
• Learn C programming | Lulu's blog; 14 chapters with examples and quizzes.
• comp.lang.c Frequently Asked Questions
• C Craft notes by Ben Lynn on C vs many other languages. "C is the desert island language"
• Object Oriented C, 1993 by Axel-Tobias Schreiner

People and blogs

• https://c9x.me/ by Quentin Carbonneaux. qbe compiler backend etc.,
• The Jim Roskind C/C++ Grammar

Important

• cdecl; C gibberish ↔ English

• ~sircmpwn/cstyle -- style guidelines on the lines of "SHOULD" and "SHOULD NOT"s.

C libraries

• Better String library
• Valgrind
• zeromq
• lock-free data structure library
• uthash -- simple data structures
• Compilers targetting C
• TrustInSoft/tis-interpreter: An interpreter for finding subtle bugs in programs written in standard C

Memory Management

• Untangling Lifetimes: The Arena Allocator; making performant dynamic manual memory management in C feel almost like garbage collection by Ryan Fleury.
• Malloc tutorial by Dan Luu

C programming practices

• C Programming Substance Guidelines from the Stronglink (a searchable, syncable, content-addressable notetaking system) project
• Lecture notes on Practical Programming in C.
• A rant on C (not by me)
• a critique of "how not to c"; Jan 2016.
• how to c; HN Another interesting approach to learning C if you already know Python is to re-implement the C compiler described in this article. If you're looking for a way to learn 10 things while also learning C then this 500 line Python complier is A++.

Cool stuff

• How I wrote a self-hosting C compiler in 40 days
• How to read C declarations.. say int *(*func())(); -- C Right-Left Rule (Rick Ord's CSE 30 - UC San Diego) -- "func is function returning pointer to function returning pointer to int".
• Memory Allocation at samwho.dev -- intuitive visual guide on how memory allocation works step by step.
• Writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python
• Writing a simple 16 bit VM in less than 125 lines of C | andreinc

Programming Language Theory

• Subtleties of the ANSI/ISO C standard by Robbert Krebbers, Freek Wiedijk of Radboud University Nijmegen.

we argue that the C standard does not allow Turing complete implementations, and that its evaluation semantics does not preserve typing. Finally, we claim that no strictly conforming programs exist. That is, there is no C program for which the standard can guarantee that it will not crash.

Discussions

• Comments on The cost of forsaking C | Hacker News

Safe C

A Tour of Xr0 - Xr0

Xr0 is a new verifier for the C programming language that eliminates many classes of undefined behaviour, such as use-after-frees (of which double frees are a special case), dangling and null pointer dereferences, memory leaks and the use of uninitialised memory. Most importantly, we believe Xr0 is on a clear trajectory towards enabling programming in C with no undefined behaviour whatever.